The S&T International Cooperation Division of the Department of Science & Technology deals with the International Scientific and Technological Affairs including the negotiations and implementation of Scientific and Technological Cooperation Agreements and responsibility for scientific and technological aspects of activities of international organizations. The co-operations are sought under bilateral, multilateral or regional framework modes for facilitating and strengthening interactions among governments, academia, institutions and industries in areas of mutual interest.

The Division operates in close cooperation with the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, Indian missions abroad, foreign missions in India and UN bodies. India currently has bilateral S&T cooperation agreements with 73 countries.